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ADHD in Adults – Treatment Options ADHD is a common neurobiological disorder that affects 4.4 percent of the population. It is accompanied by high rates of comorbidity (depression anxiety, anxiety, and substance abuse) and significant emotional, social and occupational impairments. Psychotherapy and medication are both effective treatments for adults with ADHD. The most commonly prescribed medications are stimulants like methylphenidate or amphetamine. Medications Many adults suffering from ADHD notice significant improvement in their symptoms and performance due to medication. Because of the different ways that people react to medications, it is crucial for people with ADHD to determine a mix that is effective. Stimulants, such as methylphenidate and amphetamines, are the most frequently prescribed drugs for adults suffering from ADHD. They are available in immediate-release (short-acting) tablet or liquid form, and can be taken as often as every three to four hours. Some adults can supplement their immediate-release dose with an extended-release or longer-acting drug used once per day to decrease the requirement for frequent doses throughout the day. Adults suffering from ADHD can be successfully treated with antidepressants, such as desipramine. This class of medications can be used together with stimulants or on their own to boost their effects. However, they can increase the risk of serious cardiovascular side effects such as an increased heart rate, EKG changes, and orthostatic hypotension. Adults with ADHD can also be treated with alprazolam and clonidine, which are both Alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists. These medications were initially created to treat hypertension. They are calming and may improve focus and reduce the amount of hyperactivity and impulsivity in some adults. These medications can lead to very low blood pressure if they suddenly stop, or the dosage is reduced. Psychotherapy is also useful for adults suffering from ADHD. Individual therapy can help those with ADHD to overcome feelings of shame, embarrassment, and resentment against coworkers, teachers, supervisors, and family members that might criticize or nag them. In addition, marriage and family counseling can help couples suffering from ADHD understand each other's problems and improve communication. Behavioral Therapy One of the main goals of psychosocial therapy for adults with ADHD is to help people learn skills and strategies that improve function in everyday life. Psychotherapy can also help people with ADHD overcome low self-esteem and sense of failure that often accompanies this condition. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is also referred to as cognitive behavioral therapy helps people change their negative thoughts and feelings that cause problems in their life. It teaches them new ways to think, feel and behave. This short-term and goal-oriented psychotherapy has been proven to be effective in treating a variety of illnesses, such as depression and anxiety. It can be used in conjunction with other therapies or alone. CBT may also include group therapy. This is particularly beneficial for people with ADHD because it enables them to meet others who face similar challenges and discover how they deal with their ADHD symptoms. It can be delivered in person or via phone. In one study, CBT was compared to the standard treatment for adults who have ADHD. Both treatments improved self-report measures such as symptoms, functioning and quality of life. Several studies have compared CBT with other psychosocial treatments for adults with ADHD, and all show significant reductions in self-reported ADHD symptoms, with medium to large effect size. These improvements were linked to diverse modalities like cognitive and interpersonal therapy as well as social skills training, problem solving training, as well as mindfulness meditation. However, caution is advised when comparing the effectiveness of different treatments for adults with ADHD. It is possible that the differences in outcomes results result from a variety of factors, including the treatment features and the methods used. A few studies have looked into the effectiveness neurofeedback. This technique involves wearing an electrode-lined hat while performing cognitive tasks to pinpoint brain areas in which there is excessive or insufficient activity. The person is then taught to regulate these patterns. Counseling Many people who suffer from ADHD have mood or anxiety disorders that require treatment. Counseling can help address these issues which may be causing ADHD symptoms. Certain psychotherapy strategies include the use of interpersonal therapy to improve the capacity of individuals to establish meaningful relationships and resolve conflicts. adhd treatment in adults seeks to transform negative behaviors and help manage impulsive and self-destructive behaviors which can lead to issues at work or school. In certain situations psychotherapy is sometimes used in conjunction with medication for adults with adhd treatment. Patients suffering from multiple disorders like addiction to substances, depression and bipolar disorder need to be assessed to ensure their symptoms are not worsened by medications used to treat ADHD. Certain medical conditions, like thyroid disorders, lead poisoning and a history or seizures, need to be treated more aggressively. Intensive outpatient programs might be recommended when the person's ADHD is so severe that it significantly hinders their daily functioning and quality of life. These programs provide structured treatment that is more intense than conventional outpatient psychotherapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps adults with ADHD improve their abilities to manage time management and impulse control, organizing, and executive function. It helps them identify and express their feelings and employs worksheets and exercises to make the learning more interesting. The practice of mindfulness meditation can enhance CBT and enhances the capacity of a person to focus and manage emotions. It also improves a person's ability to tolerate the effects of stress and arousal. It can help them deal with sadness, anger and other emotions which could be contributing to their ADHD. Occupational Therapy Adults suffering from ADHD have issues functioning at work and at home. These issues can also impact relationships and lead to financial problems. Therapy that addresses these issues can help you increase self-esteem, address the root causes of your issues and develop healthy coping strategies. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is an effective treatment for adults suffering from ADHD because it teaches them how to change their negative attitudes and behaviours. It concentrates on teaching techniques for managing time and overcoming thinking distortions which can cause negative moods, and the perception of limited possibilities. Many people suffering from ADHD have anxiety or depression disorders that are comorbid. These psychiatric disorders can exacerbate or diminish the effectiveness of some drugs used to treat ADHD. It is therefore recommended to first treat the most severe comorbidity and then monitor its reaction to the medication prior treating the other disorder. Occupational therapy can teach you how to manage your life and work, set up routines that are predictable, manage money and time and develop confidence in yourself. It will also help you learn relaxation techniques that may reduce your hyperactivity and impulsivity. Additionally yoga and other exercises can aid in improving your focus by ensuring your body is stable in different postures. Marriage and family counseling can assist adults suffering from ADHD to solve the problems they create for their spouses, kids and other family members. They frequently complain that they are unstable, unorganized, forgetful and prone to making impulsive decisions. You can strengthen your relationships by teaching your spouses and other family members about ADHD. It can also help you and your family members realize that the issues are caused by ADHD instead of a lack in caring or refusing to cooperate. Clinical Trials Adult ADHD is a common neurobiological disorder. It is often associated with other disorders that are comorbid, such as depression, anxiety and substance abuse disorders. The use of medication and psychosocial interventions is available as treatment options. There are many medications available for adults with ADHD. Certain of these medications have been tested in clinical trials. These studies have highlighted the strengths and drawbacks of the medications. Adults with ADHD might experience the same symptoms as children have, but it's difficult to identify because childhood symptoms might not last into adulthood. In addition, adults who suffer from ADHD might not have a history of the disorder in their family or they may not remember having symptoms. It is essential to take an extensive medical history in order to determine if the symptoms are due to a medical condition, such as thyroid problems such as sleep apnea, sleep apnea and vision problems. Adults suffering from ADHD are treated with stimulants or non-stimulants. Stimulants have the highest reaction rates for adults with ADHD. Their rates of responsiveness range from 70% to 70% to 80%. The most frequently used stimulants are amphetamine and methylphenidate compounds. Methylphenidate can also be administered via a transdermal system. This allows for continuous medication delivery during the daytime. Nonstimulant medicines for adults suffering from ADHD are mostly tricyclic antidepressants that target norepinephrine and dopamine. Desipramine, which is the most researched tricyclic, has been shown to work in adult ADHD patients. It is a low dose medication and should be increased by 50 mg every 7 days until the desired response is observed. Bupropion XL another antidepressant, has been shown to be effective in adults suffering from ADHD. It is a dopamine agonist that is able to block the reuptake of norepinephrine at the presynaptic transportation system, thus increasing its use in the brain. The drug has been proven to improve mood and reduce hyperactivity in adults, however it is not as effective as stimulants when it comes to improving concentration or cognitive function.